File Genetic engineering
Questo fascicolo del Forum di ricerca genetica offrono una panoramica relativa alle conoscenze e agli sviluppi attuali nell’ambito delle nuove procedure genetiche.
Il forum raggruppa le relazioni di sintesi, i documenti sui pareri e ulteriori pubblicazioni, nonché informazioni sugli eventi degli atenei, delle istituzioni legate alla ricerca, delle autorità e degli organismi riconosciuti a livello internazionale rilevanti per la Svizzera che possono interessare ai/alle responsabili delle decisioni, gli operatori dei media, i docenti e altri soggetti interessati.
Attualità
Genome editing: is it a promising new method or are its dangers being underestimated? It’s currently regulated by the Gene Technology Act, but this is itself a matter of intense debate among experts.
An Evidence Review Group organized by the Swiss Academy of Sciences has looked in a multi-stakeholder scientific dialogue process at the currently available scientific evidence on agro-gene technology, with a focus on the Swiss context. This joint learning process resulted in a compilation of scientific publications that are considered relevant when discussing the potential impact of agro-gene-technology in Switzerland as well as in the identification of four key issues that can help foster a constructive dialogue among scientists and stakeholders.
Immagine: Public Domain
17.08.2021 – Depuis des années, l’argument selon lequel « les consommateurs ne veulent pas d’OGM dans leur assiette » est utilisé pour étouffer tout débat sur le génie génétique dans l’agriculture. En réalité, ce que les consommateurs veulent n’est pas clair et dépend, en outre, fortement de la nature du débat.
Immagine: NORDSTUDIO - Philippe Wiget
The recent application of tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; Cas9 nuclease), to edit the human genome with the intention of treating or preventing disease and the gaps in our scientific understanding, in addition to some of the proposed applications of human genome editing, raise ethical issues that have highlighted the need for robust oversight in this area. In December 2018, WHO established a global, multidisciplinary expert advisory committee (the Expert Advisory Committee on Developing Global Standards for Governance and Oversight of Human Genome Editing, hereafter called the Committee) to examine the scientific, ethical, social and legal challenges associated with human genome editing (somatic, germline and heritable).
The recent application of tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; Cas9 nuclease), to edit the human genome with the intention of treating or preventing disease and the gaps in our scientific understanding, in addition to some of the proposed applications of human genome editing, raise ethical issues that have highlighted the need for robust oversight in this area In December 2018, WHO established a global, multidisciplinary expert advisory committee (the Expert Advisory Committee on Developing Global Standards for Governance and Oversight of Human Genome Editing, hereafter called the Committee) to examine the scientific, ethical, social and legal challenges associated with human genome editing (somatic, germline and heritable).
The recent application of tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; Cas9 nuclease), to edit the human genome with the intention of treating or preventing disease and the gaps in our scientific understanding, in addition to some of the proposed applications of human genome editing, raise ethical issues that have highlighted the need for robust oversight in this area. In December 2018, WHO established a global, multidisciplinary expert advisory committee (the Expert Advisory Committee on Developing Global Standards for Governance and Oversight of Human Genome Editing, hereafter called the Committee) to examine the scientific, ethical, social and legal challenges associated with human genome editing (somatic, germline and heritable).
As a service to the field, the ISSCR develops guidelines that address the international diversity of cultural, political, legal, and ethical issues associated with stem cell research and its translation to medicine. The guidelines maintain and underscore widely shared principles in science that call for rigor, oversight, and transparency in all areas of practice. Adherence to these principles provides assurance that stem cell research is conducted with scientific and ethical integrity and that new therapies are evidence-based. Responding to advances in science, the guidelines were updated in 2021 to encompass a broader and more expansive scope of research and clinical endeavor while maintaining the fundamental principles of the research and application. The 2021 guidelines include new recommendations to address the recent scientific advances involving embryos, stem cell-based embryo models, chimeras, organoids, and genome editing.
Wie entwickelt sich menschliches Leben, wodurch lässt sich die Fortpflanzungsmedizin verbessern und in welcher Weise können Stammzellen bei der Entwicklung neuer Therapien gegen Volkskrankheiten wie Diabetes oder Herzinfarkt helfen? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen dürfen Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler in Deutschland bislang nur wenig beitragen, da dafür erforderliche Studien an menschlichen Embryonen außerhalb des Körpers durch das Embryonenschutzgesetz (ESchG) verboten sind. In ihrer gemeinsamen Stellungnahme „Neubewertung des Schutzes von In-vitro-Embryonen in Deutschland“ empfehlen Leopoldina und Akademienunion, Embryonenforschung für hochrangige Forschungsziele im Einklang mit internationalen ethischen Standards künftig zu ermöglichen und den dafür erforderlichen Rechtsrahmen neu zu diskutieren.
On 29 April 2021, the European Commission published a study regarding the status of New Genomic Techniques under Union law.
Les Académies suisses des sciences considèrent que la législation sur le génie génétique en vigueur n’est plus d’actualité. Elles invitent à élaborer le plus rapidement possible de nouvelles options réglementaires et de les soumettre à un large débat. L’objectif principal devrait viser à exploiter les chances des nouvelles technologies génétiques pour la sélection végétale et l’agriculture en Suisse selon une démarche responsable et inclusive.
I gene drive sono elementi genetici che aumentano il tasso di ereditarietà di una determinata proprietà in organismi che si riproducono sessualmente. Possono essere utilizzati per diffondere una determinata proprietà in popolazioni che vivono allo stato selvatico, al fine di modificarle o ridurle.
Parassiti, cambiamenti climatici e risorse limitate rendono necessaria la selezione di nuove varietà di piante per produrre alimenti di elevata qualità nel massimo rispetto dell’ambiente
Informazioni generali
Contatto
SCNAT
Forum sulla ricerca genetica
Casa delle Accademie
Casella postale
3001 Berna
